San Francisco officials are seeking public input on newly released draft rules for cannabis cafes in line with a California state law enacted last year that authorizes local governments to let marijuana retailers to expand their services.

In July, the city’s Board of Supervisors and mayor approved an ordinance to let marijuana dispensaries serve food and drinks inside their on-site consumption areas. On Friday, the city’s Office of Cannabis posted proposed regulations for how those cannabis cafes will operate.

The draft rules touch on operations plans, employee training, security, deliveries, inventory control and access for medical cannabis patients.

Public feedback is being accepted through September 25.

In late 2024, Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) signed AB 1775, allowing marijuana businesses to offer non-cannabis food and non-alcoholic beverages and host live events such as concerts in their on-site cannabis consumption areas if they get permission from their local government.

The new law officially took effect last January, but it has taken months for local officials in San Francisco and other cities to begin enacting their own ordinances to lay out the rules for how cannabis cafes can operate.

Under the San Francisco proposal, a business would need to obtain a new Cannabis Café Permit as well as a Cannabis Consumption Permit.

Businesses would need to implement written procedures “designed to discourage customers from removing cannabis products intended for on-site consumption from the designated consumption area” or the overall premises.

There would be some restrictions on the name of cannabis cafes, barring those that would be likely to “mislead members of the public into believing cannabis products may legally be sold to persons under 21 years of age” or that would entice minors to attempt to patronize the businesses.

Dispensaries would need to maintain accommodations for medical cannabis patients, which may include providing an area where the can communication confidentially with employees and maintaining an adequate supply of medical marijuana products.

Written comments on the proposed cannabis cafe rules can be sent by email to [email protected] or via mail or in person to Office of Cannabis; 49 South Van Ness; Suite 660; San Francisco, CA 94103.

City officials separately released proposed rules changes to incorporate cannabis cafes into the existing Good Neighbor Policy for marijuana businesses.

They also posted new resources for businesses to check their eligibility to open a cannabis cafe, as well as bulletin and a FAQ on the issue.

Prior to signing the current cannabis cafe law, Newsom vetoed a prior version of the bill, saying that while he appreciated that the intent was to “provide cannabis retailers with increased business opportunities and an avenue to attract new customers,” he felt “concerned this bill could undermine California’s long-standing smoke-free workplace protections.”

To that end, the measure as enacted contains changes to create separation between public consumption spaces and back rooms of businesses where food is prepared or stored in order to better protect the health of workers in line with the governor’s concerns.

The law makes explicitly clear that hemp-based food items or drinks are not considered “non-cannabis” products that could be sold at the cafes. It also says that non-cannabis items “shall be stored and displayed separately and distinctly from all cannabis and cannabis products present on the premises.”

The legislation also allows live musical or other performances on the premises of a cannabis retailer in areas where on-site consumption is allowed.

Ahead of the governor’s signing of the measure, actor Woody Harrelson—who owns a marijuana lounge in West Hollywood called The Woods, alongside co-founders comedian Bill Maher and tennis star John McEnroe—called for its enactment. Whoopi Goldberg also joined in that push, with a video encouraging the governor to sign it.

Earlier this month, Newsom announced that legal marijuana sales have generated nearly $8.4 billion in tax revenue for California communities since voters approved adult-use legalization in 2016.

He also recently signed legislation to more clearly define the types of marijuana packaging and labeling that is prohibited due to appealing to children.

The governor recently took credit for helping to lead the push for the state to legalize marijuana and discussed his own limited experience with using cannabis.

Last October, however, he vetoed a bill that would have allowed certain marijuana microbusinesses to ship medical cannabis products directly to patients via common carriers like FedEx and UPS, stating that the proposal “would be burdensome and overly complex to administer.”

Newsom did sign a bill earlier that month aimed at streamlining research on marijuana and psychedelics.

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Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments.

Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access.
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Last September, the governor also signed a measure into law to put a pause on a recently enacted tax hike on marijuana products.

Meanwhile, a lawmaker spoke to Marijuana Moment about her decision to put her own bill to legalize cannabis dispensary drive-thru windows on hold for now.

California’s treasurer recently said the marijuana legalization law that voters approved a decade ago has been a “complete failure” and should be replaced with a new ballot initiative that prioritizes consumers and small businesses.

Republican gubernatorial candidate Steve Hilton, who is endorsed by President Donald Trump, recently told Marijuana Moment that taxes and regulations on cannabis are “too high.”

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For one hash maker the clock starts at harvest, and the flower is in the freezer within thirty minutes. A breeder, two operators and an extractor on the genetics, the equipment and the margin for error behind live rosin.

In the realm of fantasy and longing, we often evoke summers of sun-dried buds and the sweet aroma of cured flowers that lingers in the air. But let’s be clear: the future, or at least the more sophisticated present, doesn’t want to wait for the plant to slowly “die.” Here’s what’s happening: the future, which has already arrived and seeks to expand possible universes with technology, prefers to freeze the moment of this botanical orgasm rather than take any other path. There is a name for this: fresh frozen, a technique that is, essentially, the art of stopping the clock so that pleasure doesn’t fade. Fresh frozen captures the exact frequency of the plant at its peak of glory.

And the difference from traditional methods isn’t merely technical, but rather existential. While in traditional curing the plant loses moisture and, with it, part of its “soul” (very philosophical, yes, but there’s something to it), here the process is more surgical. In fact, from Northern California, the epicenter of cannabis knowledge, Benjamin Lind, co-founder and Chief Science Officer of Humboldt Seed Company, reinforces this idea of cryogenic mysticism. For Lind, it’s not just about chemistry, but about liquid geography. “You’re really freezing that moment in time and getting the feeling of Northern California during harvest time,” he says. A quest that many will try to relive. More technically, Lind says drying is where trichomes and cannabinoids degrade through oxidation, and where the plant loses some of its color. Freeze it instead and, under the right conditions, you hold much of that at bay. That, he says, is the foundation of high-quality live rosin: the full-spectrum experience that most closely mimics the flavor and the aroma of the living plant.

A Library of Seasons

Freezing the flower is only the first act. The second one happens after the extraction, and it has its own name: cold cure. Where fresh frozen decides what you start with, cold cure decides what happens once the extract is in the jar. Same obsession, different stage.

Lind explains that curing cold takes advantage of a “slower nucleation” process, which builds a network of small lattice crystal structures inside the rosin matrix and gives the thing its smooth texture. What happens in the jar can look alarming if nobody warns you: Lind describes the THCA-rich fraction nucleating and crystallizing as a terpene-rich liquid phase separates out, before the whole thing is whipped and recombined into the badder-like consistency consumers know. That, he says, yields a more stable product than a warm cure would. “The cold curing technique locks in the terpene profile in a way you won’t get with other methods,” he says. If it helps, picture a cheese cave. Cure it warm instead, he says, and the subtle notes flash off, taking quality and color with them.

Inside those containers, Lind says, each resin gland is slowly dissolving, with the terpenes acting as the solvent. He compares the process to Piattella, often spelled Piatella, though what he describes is not the canonical Barcelona method that made the name famous. His version is cold cured but not pressed: you wash six-star bubble hash from fresh frozen, form it into a little bar and refrigerate it for four to six weeks, and you end up with a dry brownie butter consistency. He calls that the rustic, old-school route, and says he has seen and smoked this style of aged hash in Morocco, where letting it rest and nucleate in a more complex environment is common practice. Some read that as inferior. He doesn’t. The Piattella that made the name, on the other hand, comes out of Barcelona’s club scene and is cold cured sealed away from oxygen into its characteristic flat form, which is where the word, Italian for “little flat one,” comes from.

According to Lind, this ability to preserve the plant so thoroughly transforms it into a collector’s item, almost like a library of past harvests. “You can create a whole archive of seasons for the future,” says the Humboldt expert, suggesting that this “hash library” is the logical evolution of the wine cellar: a sanctuary where you can take a piece from the past, enjoy it, and return the rest to the cold without it losing an ounce of its original splendor.

“You can create a whole archive of seasons for the future.”

Benjamin Lind, Humboldt Seed Company

The Cold Chain Is the Hard Part

Bringing this level of detail to the mass market is, according to experts, both an operational and financial challenge. Jeff Wirt and Dan Michaels of Jaunty face this challenge daily in the competitive New York market. They readily admit: monitoring a single jar in a home fridge is not the same as managing industrial-scale refrigeration for thousands of units. In this regard, Wirt, Jaunty’s Director of R&D, acknowledges that scaling something like this is complex because it requires extremely precise climate control over a much larger footprint. Even slight fluctuations can affect terpene retention or the way the concentrate settles. For Wirt, one key benefit is smoothness: by avoiding some of the degradation and oxidation that curing brings, the product delivers a cleaner, smoother inhale, especially in vape formats. He also credits fresh frozen with enhancing what is commonly called the entourage effect, the idea that the preserved compounds work together to shape the experience. The scientific evidence for a predictable terpene and cannabinoid entourage effect is still limited.

Furthermore, Wirt elaborates that the necessary infrastructure isn’t simply “plug and play,” but requires significant investment, specialized equipment and ongoing maintenance to manage airflow, humidity, temperature and storage logistics all at once. There’s also the human side, which he doesn’t skip: the team has to be trained for a more technical process and the SOPs have to be airtight, because at scale small mistakes compound fast. Michaels puts the barrier plainly. There’s a reason you don’t see many big brands venture into this category, he says, and the payoff for the ones that do lives in the controls: a setup this fine-tuned delivers a consistency that is hard to achieve and, in his words, “impossible to fake.”

Likewise, Michaels, Vice President of Product and Brand at Jaunty, understands that the market is maturing and that consumers are no longer satisfied with just anything. New York legalized adult use in 2021 and licensed retail sales began at the end of 2022, and Michaels says interest in “live” products is growing as consumers become more educated and better able to articulate their likes and dislikes. “Fresh Frozen allows Jaunty to offer a premium ‘true-to-plant’ experience,” says Michaels. According to him, the result is an elevated expression of the plant that feels thoughtfully made and intentional throughout.

Thirty Minutes From the Plant to the Freezer

But don’t think that it’s as simple as throwing some buds in the freezer between frozen patties and bags of ice, and calling it a day. Not at all. The path to high-quality live rosin is a multi-stage process. Let’s get into the nitty gritty. Here’s where Federico Vázquez, head of The Dab Club, comes in to explain that the processes are completely different. According to the expert, in traditional practices, the flower is harvested and its moisture is controlled for curing, but this process results in the loss of terpenes and a degradation of the original profile.

In contrast, with fresh frozen, which is the starting point for live bubble hash and the live rosin pressed from it, the flower goes into the freezer fast. In Vázquez’s shop the window is 30 minutes from harvest. First the stems and larger leaves come off. Then, after at least 48 hours at freezing temperatures in his process, the washing begins. The cold is what makes the trichome heads brittle; the work is done by agitation, a dance in ice and reverse-osmosis water that knocks those heads loose from the plant. From there the loosened resin drops through a stack of fine mesh screens, which sort it by micron size, and the wet hash goes into a freeze-dryer to pull the moisture out. Press that with heat and pressure and you have live rosin. For Vázquez, there’s no room for error: the goal is to capture the plant exactly as it was at the “exact second of harvest,” with whitish, cloudy trichomes predominating over amber ones.

Some Plants Just Don’t Wash

Truth be told: not every cultivar washes the same. For Lind, there’s a whole science behind seed selection. Lind looks for a “trifecta,” and he ranks it: the fragility of the trichome neck first, then a thick waxy cuticle layer on the head, typically with a dry, sandy feel, and everything else, including sheer trichome count, as complementary. A weak neck means the head comes off easily in the wash. And potency on paper doesn’t settle it, he warns: a five to ten percent difference in THC does not necessarily pan out in the wash. Want some names? Take note: Lind points to Garlic Budder, which he says is super frosty, tests above 29% and has exactly the weak neck he’s after, plus Honey Bear, Bubbles and Hella Jelly Auto for commercial hash makers. For connoisseurs he recommends Candy Hustle, Melt Banana and Puff Pastry, for their more nuanced terpene expressions. Vázquez agrees that genetic selection is crucial because oilier resins are difficult to extract, while sandier resins are easier to work with.

Furthermore, Vázquez maintains that the industry is moving towards greater specialization. The use of reverse-osmosis water in ice-water extraction and respect for the plant’s natural state inevitably leads to more technical processes. “Consumers are learning. There is a growing ability to distinguish a well-made product from an average one,” he states. He also argues that vaporizing these extracts is a more responsible way to consume, since it does away with burning paper and plant material and leaves only the resin. That’s his view, and the comparative health research on vaporizing is still thin.

Fresh frozen cannabis is here to stay, and fresh indeed. For the people building their businesses around it, at least, it’s beyond a mere “passing fad,” as some would have it, and closer to the consolidation of a new standard. It is the triumph of technology over the vagaries of the weather and the ravages of time. And, as Michaels states, the result is a piece of a complex puzzle where genetics, cultivation, harvest timing, preservation, extraction and packaging all fit together. The 420 ecosystem continues its quest for a cleaner, tastier experience, one more faithful to nature’s design. Thus, in contrast to the disposable nature of the industry, being able to open a jar and recapture an exact aroma is, quite simply, a small modern miracle. We are on the verge of being able to bottle time. And, at least for a little while, to play God.

Disclosure: all four sources quoted in this article have commercial ties to the products or techniques discussed. Humboldt Seed Company sells cannabis genetics, including cultivars recommended here for solventless extraction; Jaunty produces and sells live rosin in New York; and The Dab Club produces extracts.

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